SOME OF OUR GOALS
|
|
|
|
|
To compensate grand sheiks to teach civics on a regular basis and thereby qualifying for - Exemption From Social Security and Medicare.
At times, up to 37% of an individuals check may be taken out for tax purposes. The 7.65% tax rate is the combined rate for Social Security and Medicare. The Social Security portion (OASDI) is 6.20% on earnings up to the applicable taxable maximum amount. The Medicare portion (HI) is 1.45% on all earnings. https://www.ssa.gov/news/press/factsheets/colafacts2022.pdf
The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%. The rate consists of two parts: 12.4% for social security (old-age, survivors, and disability insurance) and 2.9% for Medicare (hospital insurance). https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/self-employment-tax-social-security-and-medicare-taxes
With more access to our money, we as a people have the potential to become financially secure. In a hypothetical situation, if you bring in $800 a week and are taxed at 37%. $296 will be deducted from your check. Leaving you with $504.
Being an ordained official part of the Rise of the Moors organization will thereby qualify you to claim tax exemption or opting out of taxes.
This means that in the hypothetical situation, if you are making 800 a week. Approximately $1,184 a month will no longer be taken out of your check, as a result of being a minister / Sheik within our organization.
With enough finances from membership dues. This qualification for tax exemption can apply to all members so long as there are enough finances to support our members. This will require group participation, commitment and dedication. With our collective finances we can provide financial and social security for ourselves and opt out of relying on outsiders and foreigners who truly do not have our best interest in mind.
If we were to pay our ministers / Sheiks what the IRS asks as minimal payment, $400. This will qualify our Sheiks for the tax exemption. In a hypothetical situation where a Moor may receive $20 an hour.
This payment in essence, is 20 hours of time, where a Moor can get paid for service to our nation.
The more we receive in dues, the more we can pay Moors for the upliftment of fallen humanity.
This may result in an actual change in our economic and sociopolitical circumstances. No more relying on a 9-5 that we dislike but are obligated to continue for our survival. Let's replace that situation by paying Moors to dedicate their time into solving the problems that are plaguing our nation. This is the RISE OF THE MOORS. And is what the Prophet meant when he said it takes finance to raise a nation.
Our Sheiks will be paid to alleviate problems specifically effecting our community and members. From financial aid, education, charity events and or mitigating disputes between members whereby our help, assistance and advice is needed. We would need to compensate individuals providing these services to ensure the welfare of our society by ensure their needs are also provided for.
With many people involved, from all walks of life. We also desire to establish different vocational training for members by members. But this can only be accomplished by, again, both group participation and individual commitment and dedication.
In order to achieve this, we need a continuous cycle of 3 things:
1 group participation and funding;
2 ministerial service by members to provide service to the group; thereby
3 qualifying the organization and members for tax exemption, leaving us all with more finances to then put back into the organization; to pay it’s officials and provide services as needed.
None of this is possible without unity, competent leadership and adherence to organizational rules and the high principles of love, truth, peace, freedom and justice.
Moors, we need you.
Your brother - Jamhal Talib Abdullah Bey
At times, up to 37% of an individuals check may be taken out for tax purposes. The 7.65% tax rate is the combined rate for Social Security and Medicare. The Social Security portion (OASDI) is 6.20% on earnings up to the applicable taxable maximum amount. The Medicare portion (HI) is 1.45% on all earnings. https://www.ssa.gov/news/press/factsheets/colafacts2022.pdf
The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%. The rate consists of two parts: 12.4% for social security (old-age, survivors, and disability insurance) and 2.9% for Medicare (hospital insurance). https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/self-employment-tax-social-security-and-medicare-taxes
With more access to our money, we as a people have the potential to become financially secure. In a hypothetical situation, if you bring in $800 a week and are taxed at 37%. $296 will be deducted from your check. Leaving you with $504.
Being an ordained official part of the Rise of the Moors organization will thereby qualify you to claim tax exemption or opting out of taxes.
This means that in the hypothetical situation, if you are making 800 a week. Approximately $1,184 a month will no longer be taken out of your check, as a result of being a minister / Sheik within our organization.
With enough finances from membership dues. This qualification for tax exemption can apply to all members so long as there are enough finances to support our members. This will require group participation, commitment and dedication. With our collective finances we can provide financial and social security for ourselves and opt out of relying on outsiders and foreigners who truly do not have our best interest in mind.
If we were to pay our ministers / Sheiks what the IRS asks as minimal payment, $400. This will qualify our Sheiks for the tax exemption. In a hypothetical situation where a Moor may receive $20 an hour.
This payment in essence, is 20 hours of time, where a Moor can get paid for service to our nation.
The more we receive in dues, the more we can pay Moors for the upliftment of fallen humanity.
This may result in an actual change in our economic and sociopolitical circumstances. No more relying on a 9-5 that we dislike but are obligated to continue for our survival. Let's replace that situation by paying Moors to dedicate their time into solving the problems that are plaguing our nation. This is the RISE OF THE MOORS. And is what the Prophet meant when he said it takes finance to raise a nation.
Our Sheiks will be paid to alleviate problems specifically effecting our community and members. From financial aid, education, charity events and or mitigating disputes between members whereby our help, assistance and advice is needed. We would need to compensate individuals providing these services to ensure the welfare of our society by ensure their needs are also provided for.
With many people involved, from all walks of life. We also desire to establish different vocational training for members by members. But this can only be accomplished by, again, both group participation and individual commitment and dedication.
In order to achieve this, we need a continuous cycle of 3 things:
1 group participation and funding;
2 ministerial service by members to provide service to the group; thereby
3 qualifying the organization and members for tax exemption, leaving us all with more finances to then put back into the organization; to pay it’s officials and provide services as needed.
None of this is possible without unity, competent leadership and adherence to organizational rules and the high principles of love, truth, peace, freedom and justice.
Moors, we need you.
Your brother - Jamhal Talib Abdullah Bey
How to join the RISE OF THE MOORS civic-organization
There are 2 Tiers of enrollment levels within the Rise of the Moors civic organization.
Tier 1 - Student Enrollment ($100 per month)
With Tier 1 status, individuals receive: 4 three-hour lectures with the Chairman and Founder of the Rise of the Moors civic organization, Grand Sheik Jamhal Talib Abdullah Bey; you will also receive 25% off donations for all physical books for your month of enrollment and 37 PDF and Word documents pertaining to the lectures presented and other information to be used as study material. CLICK HERE
Tier 2 - Temple Status ($50 per month)
Tier 2 status is for individuals interested in establishing a Rise of the Moors Temple where they are. Click here for more information.
The Moroccan Moorish Movement: A Revival of Moroccan Identity.
The Moroccan Moorish المغربي Movement is, in essence, a restoration of the lost identity and culture of Black Americans.
Culture has been defined as:
the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively."20th century popular culture"the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.
Identity has been defined as: In philosophy, identity (from Latin: identitas, literally “sameness") is the relation each thing bears only to itself.
Regarding identity, according to most sources, the narrative of Black Americans being brought to this country, includes the removal of their name, culture, language, and history. And in replace, the names Black, African-American, Colored, Negro, Negroid and others, were put in its place.
None of these names are the same as what we use to identify as. Therefore, we are not and cannot be, nor were our ancestors identified as: Black, African-American, Colored, Negro or Negroid.
As stated by Noble Drew Ali: “Is it that these people have no proper name? Did they have a national name when first brought to these shores in the early part of the Seventeenth Century? If so, what was it? Did not the land from which they were forced have a name? It now appears a good idea for those whose duty it is to write for the various journals to find out what the National Name of the forefathers of these people was.”
The same stands true for where these so-called Black Americans were brought from. According to many sources, over 50% of so-called Blacks were brought from West and Northwest Africa, with many coming from Subsaharan regions.
Surely these people were not calling themselves black or the narrative of Black Americans lost their identity would be false. Additionally, all of these places, according to various sources, was identified and called المغرب.
Al-Maghreb المغرب encompassed approximately 60-80% of the continent of Africa. In fact, the word Africa, according to Etymonline.com has been defined as follows: Africa (n.)
Latin Africa (terra) "African land, Libya, the Carthaginian territory, the province of Africa; Africa as a continent," fem. of adjective Africus, from Afer "an African," a word of uncertain origin. The Latin word originally was used only in reference to the region around modern Tunisia; it gradually was extended to the whole continent. Derivation from a Phoenician cognate of Arabic afar "dust, earth" is tempting. The Middle English word was Affrike.
In this definition, we see that Europeans called the land Africa because of its desert plains. But our people called it the Maghreb, and some still do.
The المغرب comprised of all of the following present day countries. Most of which did not derive its name until after the carving up of Africa by European countries during the Berlin Conference in 1884-5; Algeria 🇩🇿, Tunisia 🇹🇳 , Libya 🇱🇾, Mauritania 🇲🇷, Mali 🇲🇱, Niger 🇳🇪, Chad 🇹🇩, Ghana 🇬🇭, Egypt 🇪🇬, Sudan 🇸🇩, Senegal 🇸🇳, Liberia 🇱🇷, Cape Verde 🇨🇻, and others.
Proof of this is evident in the research that you, yourself, can conduct into the Moorish Empire and its many dynasties. It is also referred to as the Sharifian Empire, the Moroccan Empire and at times, although separate like the eastern and western Roman Empire: the Ottoman Empire. Morocco's modern official name is al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyyah (المملكة المغربية) and may best be translated as 'The Kingdom or Empire of the West.
Historically, the territory has been part of what the Muslim geographers referred to as al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā [ar] (المغرب الأقصى, 'the Farthest West’. Morocco has also been referred to politically as the Alawi dynasty, such as al-Iyālah ash-Sharīfah (الإيالة الشريفة) or al-Imbarāṭūriyyah ash-Sharīfah (الإمبراطوريةالشريفة), rendered in French as l'Empire chérifien and in English as the 'Sharifian Empire'.
Research into the Almohads, Almoravids, Umayyad’s, Saracens, Tuaregs, and other Berber / Amazigh or Imazighen Tribes such as the Zenaga will prove that modern maps do not show the full extent of our Empire. Most if not all maps exclude, for example, the encompassing of Senegal and Mail into the territories within the Moorish Empire.
But, the name Senegal is derived from the Berber tribe of Zenaga. They are the people who inhabit the area known as Senegal because they are the Zenaga.
Saracen is a general name for the those who inhabit the desert. The word our ancestors used for desert was صحراء, which may be literally transliterated at “Sahra.” From here we can see where the Sahara desert gets its name; which was the general qualifier outlining Moorish territory.
The Sahara has an area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in the world. The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and the Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan region of sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions, including the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténérédesert, and the Libyan Desert.
The large extent of this desert and those that dwell there in, is often times the reason why all of our people were called Sharacen or Saracen, these desert plains extend all the way to the Levant (literally “East” of Latin levare ‘rise’ and Greek Anatolē ‘the direction of sunrise.’) Mecca and modern day Turkey (Phrygia).
By the 12th century, "Saracen" had become synonymous with "Muslim" in Medieval Latin literature. In one document, the defeated enemies of Diocletian, a Roman Emperor in 286 AD, in his war in the Syrian Desert, the people are described as Saracens. Other 4th-century military reports make no mention of Arabs, but refer to Saracen groups ranging as far east as Mesopotamia who were involved in battles on both the Sasanian (Iranians / Persians) and Roman sides.
The Great Mosque of Djenné, which is built on Mali, was constructed in the 13th century. During this time, the Almohads were succeeded by the Zenata tribe of Moors. The Marinid Sultanateruled from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) around Gibraltar. It was named after the Banu Marin (Arabic: بنو مرين a Zenata Berber tribe. The sultanate was ruled by the Marinid dynasty (Arabic: المرينيون al-marīniyyūn), founded by Abd al-Haqq I. Our Empires were strictly Islamic. The creating of Mosque of Djenné is known to have architectural style of the Sudanese. The distance from Mali to Sudan is 3,708 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 2,304 miles. Furthermore, research into the Berber tribe of the Tuareg, show overlap within the “Empire of Mali” and the “Ghanaian Empire,” whose well known leader Mansa Musa, a known Muslim, traveler and wealthy man. The word Mansa in Arabic is a word that can mean “Sultan, King, Ruler, King of Kings, Emperor” etc. the word Musa, is commonly translated in English as Moses and means “Drawn out of the water.”
If Black Americans researched these Moorish people, they would know who they truly are and how they themselves civilized Europe and had steam engines among their African tribes Centuries before London had paved streets with lights.
Culture has been defined as:
the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively."20th century popular culture"the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.
Identity has been defined as: In philosophy, identity (from Latin: identitas, literally “sameness") is the relation each thing bears only to itself.
Regarding identity, according to most sources, the narrative of Black Americans being brought to this country, includes the removal of their name, culture, language, and history. And in replace, the names Black, African-American, Colored, Negro, Negroid and others, were put in its place.
None of these names are the same as what we use to identify as. Therefore, we are not and cannot be, nor were our ancestors identified as: Black, African-American, Colored, Negro or Negroid.
As stated by Noble Drew Ali: “Is it that these people have no proper name? Did they have a national name when first brought to these shores in the early part of the Seventeenth Century? If so, what was it? Did not the land from which they were forced have a name? It now appears a good idea for those whose duty it is to write for the various journals to find out what the National Name of the forefathers of these people was.”
The same stands true for where these so-called Black Americans were brought from. According to many sources, over 50% of so-called Blacks were brought from West and Northwest Africa, with many coming from Subsaharan regions.
Surely these people were not calling themselves black or the narrative of Black Americans lost their identity would be false. Additionally, all of these places, according to various sources, was identified and called المغرب.
Al-Maghreb المغرب encompassed approximately 60-80% of the continent of Africa. In fact, the word Africa, according to Etymonline.com has been defined as follows: Africa (n.)
Latin Africa (terra) "African land, Libya, the Carthaginian territory, the province of Africa; Africa as a continent," fem. of adjective Africus, from Afer "an African," a word of uncertain origin. The Latin word originally was used only in reference to the region around modern Tunisia; it gradually was extended to the whole continent. Derivation from a Phoenician cognate of Arabic afar "dust, earth" is tempting. The Middle English word was Affrike.
In this definition, we see that Europeans called the land Africa because of its desert plains. But our people called it the Maghreb, and some still do.
The المغرب comprised of all of the following present day countries. Most of which did not derive its name until after the carving up of Africa by European countries during the Berlin Conference in 1884-5; Algeria 🇩🇿, Tunisia 🇹🇳 , Libya 🇱🇾, Mauritania 🇲🇷, Mali 🇲🇱, Niger 🇳🇪, Chad 🇹🇩, Ghana 🇬🇭, Egypt 🇪🇬, Sudan 🇸🇩, Senegal 🇸🇳, Liberia 🇱🇷, Cape Verde 🇨🇻, and others.
Proof of this is evident in the research that you, yourself, can conduct into the Moorish Empire and its many dynasties. It is also referred to as the Sharifian Empire, the Moroccan Empire and at times, although separate like the eastern and western Roman Empire: the Ottoman Empire. Morocco's modern official name is al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyyah (المملكة المغربية) and may best be translated as 'The Kingdom or Empire of the West.
Historically, the territory has been part of what the Muslim geographers referred to as al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā [ar] (المغرب الأقصى, 'the Farthest West’. Morocco has also been referred to politically as the Alawi dynasty, such as al-Iyālah ash-Sharīfah (الإيالة الشريفة) or al-Imbarāṭūriyyah ash-Sharīfah (الإمبراطوريةالشريفة), rendered in French as l'Empire chérifien and in English as the 'Sharifian Empire'.
Research into the Almohads, Almoravids, Umayyad’s, Saracens, Tuaregs, and other Berber / Amazigh or Imazighen Tribes such as the Zenaga will prove that modern maps do not show the full extent of our Empire. Most if not all maps exclude, for example, the encompassing of Senegal and Mail into the territories within the Moorish Empire.
But, the name Senegal is derived from the Berber tribe of Zenaga. They are the people who inhabit the area known as Senegal because they are the Zenaga.
Saracen is a general name for the those who inhabit the desert. The word our ancestors used for desert was صحراء, which may be literally transliterated at “Sahra.” From here we can see where the Sahara desert gets its name; which was the general qualifier outlining Moorish territory.
The Sahara has an area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in the world. The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and the Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan region of sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions, including the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténérédesert, and the Libyan Desert.
The large extent of this desert and those that dwell there in, is often times the reason why all of our people were called Sharacen or Saracen, these desert plains extend all the way to the Levant (literally “East” of Latin levare ‘rise’ and Greek Anatolē ‘the direction of sunrise.’) Mecca and modern day Turkey (Phrygia).
By the 12th century, "Saracen" had become synonymous with "Muslim" in Medieval Latin literature. In one document, the defeated enemies of Diocletian, a Roman Emperor in 286 AD, in his war in the Syrian Desert, the people are described as Saracens. Other 4th-century military reports make no mention of Arabs, but refer to Saracen groups ranging as far east as Mesopotamia who were involved in battles on both the Sasanian (Iranians / Persians) and Roman sides.
The Great Mosque of Djenné, which is built on Mali, was constructed in the 13th century. During this time, the Almohads were succeeded by the Zenata tribe of Moors. The Marinid Sultanateruled from the mid-13th to the 15th century which controlled present-day Morocco and, intermittently, other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) around Gibraltar. It was named after the Banu Marin (Arabic: بنو مرين a Zenata Berber tribe. The sultanate was ruled by the Marinid dynasty (Arabic: المرينيون al-marīniyyūn), founded by Abd al-Haqq I. Our Empires were strictly Islamic. The creating of Mosque of Djenné is known to have architectural style of the Sudanese. The distance from Mali to Sudan is 3,708 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 2,304 miles. Furthermore, research into the Berber tribe of the Tuareg, show overlap within the “Empire of Mali” and the “Ghanaian Empire,” whose well known leader Mansa Musa, a known Muslim, traveler and wealthy man. The word Mansa in Arabic is a word that can mean “Sultan, King, Ruler, King of Kings, Emperor” etc. the word Musa, is commonly translated in English as Moses and means “Drawn out of the water.”
If Black Americans researched these Moorish people, they would know who they truly are and how they themselves civilized Europe and had steam engines among their African tribes Centuries before London had paved streets with lights.
|
Moroccan youth are looking back to their history for guidance on how to achieve a better future; to foster means to this end, is the spirit of the Rise of the Moors organization: aiming to re-acquaint the Moroccan people, especially youth, with their national identity, history, and traditions.
The Rise of the Moors organization is seeking to foster unity amongst our people via the teachings of history and law. The words “Moor” and “Moorish” regained their meaning in the mind of many Moroccans because of the works of Noble Drew Ali. These words became indicators of the Moroccan national identity and its continuity throughout time, spanning not just centuries, but millennia. |
Simply put, the Moroccan Moorish Movement manifests the desires of Moroccans who are full of energy, who took to the internet to spread the same vigor among their compatriots. But where the Rise of the Moors organization differs is our interest in building communities in real life, not just online.
The appellation “Moorish” derives from the name of the ancient North African Amazigh (Berber) kingdom of Mauretania, which existed from around the third century B.C. until A.D. 44. Historians have attested to it as the first unified and independent kingdom in the modern region of Morocco. Its more ancient root is Moab.
The appellation “Moorish” derives from the name of the ancient North African Amazigh (Berber) kingdom of Mauretania, which existed from around the third century B.C. until A.D. 44. Historians have attested to it as the first unified and independent kingdom in the modern region of Morocco. Its more ancient root is Moab.
|
The peoples of the Mediterranean basin knew the inhabitants of the area as Mauri. The name’s etymology traces back as far as 900 B.C., when Phoenician explorers called the land Mauharim, meaning “Western Land.” The Berber people have inhabited western North Africa since at least 10,000 BC.
Inhabitants of the northern parts of the Berber world have long had commercial and cultural ties across the Mediterranean Sea to the inhabitants of the regions of Southern Europe and Western Asia. These trade relations date back at least to the Phoenicians in the 1st millennium BC. (According to tradition, the Phoenicians founded their colony of Carthage (in present-day Tunisia) c. 800 BC). |
|
Phoenicians and Carthaginians arrived for trade. The main Berber and Phoenician settlements centered in the Gulf of Tunis (Carthage, Utica, Tunisia), between the Pillars of Hercules and the Libyan coast east of ancient Cyrenaica. They dominated the trade and intercourse of the Western Mediterranean for centuries. Rome's defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars (264 to 146 BC) enabled Rome to establish the Province of Africa (146 BC) and to control many of these ports. In fact, the word Africa originally only applied to Moorish lands.
Africa (n.)
Latin Africa (terra) "African land, Libya, the Carthaginian territory, the province of Africa; Africa as a continent," fem. of adjective Africus, from Afer "an African," a word of uncertain origin. The Latin word originally was used only in reference to the region around modern Tunisia; it gradually was extended to the whole continent. Derivation from a Phoenician cognate of Arabic afar "dust, earth" is tempting. The Middle English word was Affrike.
https://www.etymonline.com/word/Africa#etymonline_v_5218
The pressure put on the Western Roman Empire by the Moors (notably by the Vandals and Visigoths in Iberia) in the 5th century AD reduced Roman control and led to the establishment of the Vandal Kingdom of North Africa in 430 A.D., with its capital at Carthage. A century later, the Byzantine emperor Justinian I sent (533) a force under General Belisarius that succeeded in destroying the Vandal Kingdom in 534. Byzantine rule lasted for 150 years. The Berbers contested the extent of Byzantine control.
After the unification of Islam in Mediterranean Africa in the period from 639 to 700 AD, Arab-Moors took control of the entire Maghreb region.
The Arabs reached the Maghreb in early Umayyad times. Islamic Berber kingdoms such as the Almohads expansion and the spread of Islam contributed to the development of trans-Saharan trade. While restricted due to the cost and dangers, the trade was highly profitable. Commodities traded included such goods as salt, gold, ivory, and Christian-slaves.
The Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus during the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Moroccan Amazigh conquerors who first brought Islam to the Iberian Peninsula, were known as Moors. Later on, the name came to include all Muslims of the Mediterranean basin, regardless of ethnicity. Despite this generalization, the name has always preserved an internalized element of the Moroccan identity, since Iberia was an integral part of the historical Moroccan Empire during most of its Islamic era.
Africa (n.)
Latin Africa (terra) "African land, Libya, the Carthaginian territory, the province of Africa; Africa as a continent," fem. of adjective Africus, from Afer "an African," a word of uncertain origin. The Latin word originally was used only in reference to the region around modern Tunisia; it gradually was extended to the whole continent. Derivation from a Phoenician cognate of Arabic afar "dust, earth" is tempting. The Middle English word was Affrike.
https://www.etymonline.com/word/Africa#etymonline_v_5218
The pressure put on the Western Roman Empire by the Moors (notably by the Vandals and Visigoths in Iberia) in the 5th century AD reduced Roman control and led to the establishment of the Vandal Kingdom of North Africa in 430 A.D., with its capital at Carthage. A century later, the Byzantine emperor Justinian I sent (533) a force under General Belisarius that succeeded in destroying the Vandal Kingdom in 534. Byzantine rule lasted for 150 years. The Berbers contested the extent of Byzantine control.
After the unification of Islam in Mediterranean Africa in the period from 639 to 700 AD, Arab-Moors took control of the entire Maghreb region.
The Arabs reached the Maghreb in early Umayyad times. Islamic Berber kingdoms such as the Almohads expansion and the spread of Islam contributed to the development of trans-Saharan trade. While restricted due to the cost and dangers, the trade was highly profitable. Commodities traded included such goods as salt, gold, ivory, and Christian-slaves.
The Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus during the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Moroccan Amazigh conquerors who first brought Islam to the Iberian Peninsula, were known as Moors. Later on, the name came to include all Muslims of the Mediterranean basin, regardless of ethnicity. Despite this generalization, the name has always preserved an internalized element of the Moroccan identity, since Iberia was an integral part of the historical Moroccan Empire during most of its Islamic era.
MOROCCO AS IT IS by Stephen Bonsal, Jr.
...the representatives of her Majesty is now no longer compelled by the ceremonial of the Shereefian Court to kneel and bow his forehead to the ground in the awful presence of the Negroid Monarch... the British ambassador, an envoy plenipotentiary of her gracious Majesty, surrounded by his suit, standing bare headed in the midday sun, awaiting the coming of the Black-a-Moor Sultan... this ceremony, so humiliating and undignified for the representative of a great Christian power... only 40 years ago, when every nation of Christiandom paid, and right cheerfully too, the Sultan a tribute...
...the representatives of her Majesty is now no longer compelled by the ceremonial of the Shereefian Court to kneel and bow his forehead to the ground in the awful presence of the Negroid Monarch... the British ambassador, an envoy plenipotentiary of her gracious Majesty, surrounded by his suit, standing bare headed in the midday sun, awaiting the coming of the Black-a-Moor Sultan... this ceremony, so humiliating and undignified for the representative of a great Christian power... only 40 years ago, when every nation of Christiandom paid, and right cheerfully too, the Sultan a tribute...
The Moroccan Moorish Movement hopes to see youth, first and foremost, follow in the tracks of their ancestors. The movement aims to inspire them to actively uphold the values that have made Moroccans the respectable and culturally rich people they have known to be.
The Moroccan Moorish Movement hopes to drive its reemergence. First, it aims to correct misconceptions many Moroccans have about themselves and their history, through spreading knowledge and inciting youth to actively participate in the endeavor of digging up their illustrious and enrichening past.
The movement is working towards this by publishing posts to educate the general public, sometimes in layman’s terms, some others in a specialized language, about a variety of topics, from history, literature, civics, law, to economics and politics. Anyone who has something to contribute is welcome to do so.
The Moroccan Moorish Movement emerged with a clear ideal and set goals: Reconciliation between the Moroccan youth and their unique identity, and the preservation of Moroccan historical heritage and cultural traditions from decay and decline.
Etymonline.com
Negro -Meaning "African-American vernacular, the English language as spoken by U.S. blacks" is from 1704. French nègre is a 16c. borrowing from Spanish negro. Older English words were Moor and blackamoor. A Middle English word for "Ethiopian" (perhaps also "a negro" generally) was blewman "blue man."
Black-A-Moor
“dark-skinned person, black-skinned African," 1540s, from black (adj.) + Moor, with connecting element.
North African, Berber, one of the race dwelling in Barbary," late 14c., from Old French More, from Medieval Latin Morus, from Latin Maurus "inhabitant of Mauretania" (Roman northwest Africa, a region now corresponding to northern Algeria and Morocco), from Greek Mauros, perhaps a native name, or else cognate with mauros "black".
Also applied to the Arabic conquerors of Spain. Being a dark people in relation to Europeans, their name in the Middle Ages was a synonym for "Negro;" later (16c.-17c.); being the nearest Muslims to Western Europe, it was used indiscriminately of Muslims (Persians, Arabs, etc.) but especially those in India. Cognate with Dutch Moor, German Mohr, Danish Maurer, Spanish Moro, Italian Moro. Related: Mooress.
“Moor” came to mean anyone who was Muslim or had dark skin; https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/who-were-moors
The Moroccan Moorish Movement hopes to drive its reemergence. First, it aims to correct misconceptions many Moroccans have about themselves and their history, through spreading knowledge and inciting youth to actively participate in the endeavor of digging up their illustrious and enrichening past.
The movement is working towards this by publishing posts to educate the general public, sometimes in layman’s terms, some others in a specialized language, about a variety of topics, from history, literature, civics, law, to economics and politics. Anyone who has something to contribute is welcome to do so.
The Moroccan Moorish Movement emerged with a clear ideal and set goals: Reconciliation between the Moroccan youth and their unique identity, and the preservation of Moroccan historical heritage and cultural traditions from decay and decline.
Etymonline.com
Negro -Meaning "African-American vernacular, the English language as spoken by U.S. blacks" is from 1704. French nègre is a 16c. borrowing from Spanish negro. Older English words were Moor and blackamoor. A Middle English word for "Ethiopian" (perhaps also "a negro" generally) was blewman "blue man."
Black-A-Moor
“dark-skinned person, black-skinned African," 1540s, from black (adj.) + Moor, with connecting element.
North African, Berber, one of the race dwelling in Barbary," late 14c., from Old French More, from Medieval Latin Morus, from Latin Maurus "inhabitant of Mauretania" (Roman northwest Africa, a region now corresponding to northern Algeria and Morocco), from Greek Mauros, perhaps a native name, or else cognate with mauros "black".
Also applied to the Arabic conquerors of Spain. Being a dark people in relation to Europeans, their name in the Middle Ages was a synonym for "Negro;" later (16c.-17c.); being the nearest Muslims to Western Europe, it was used indiscriminately of Muslims (Persians, Arabs, etc.) but especially those in India. Cognate with Dutch Moor, German Mohr, Danish Maurer, Spanish Moro, Italian Moro. Related: Mooress.
“Moor” came to mean anyone who was Muslim or had dark skin; https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/who-were-moors
|
Moor, in English usage, a Moroccan or, formerly, a member of the Muslim population of al-Andalus, now Spain and Portugal. Of mixed Arab, Spanish, and Amazigh (Berber) origins, the Moors created the Islamic Andalusian civilization and subsequently settled as refugees in the Maghreb (in the region of North Africa) between the 11th and 17th centuries. By extension (corresponding to the Spanish moro), the term occasionally denotes any Muslim in general, as in the case of the “Moors” of Sri Lanka or of the Philippines. Today, the term Moor is used to designate the predominant Arab-Amazigh ethnic groupin Mauritania (which makes up more than two-thirds of the country’s population) and the small Arab-Amazigh minority in Mali. From the Middle Ages to the 17th century, however, Europeans depicted Moors as being black, “swarthy,” or “tawny” in skin colour. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baster
|
|
Etymology
"Moor" comes from the Greek word mauros (plural mauroi), meaning "black" or "very dark," which in Latin became Mauro (plural Mauri). The Latin word for black was not mauro but niger, or fusco for “very dark.” In some but certainly not all, cases, Moors were described as fuscus. Due to the relevance of this population in the Iberian peninsula during the Middle Ages, this term may have entered English—and other European languages less exposed to this group—via its Spanish cognate moro. It is important to emphasize that the Greeks and Romans clearly saw black-skinned Africans as a separate group of people. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/moors black·a·moor (blăk′ə-mo͝or′) n. A dark-skinned person, especially one from Northern Africa |
|